Beyond Treatment: Theranostic and Personalized Nanomedicine Approaches in (In-vitro, In vivo and Ex-vivo) PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and multifactorial endocrine disorder that has a wide range of medical consequences all over the world, especially for women of reproductive age. The actual number of women suffering from PCOS is hard to determine since different studies give different estimates depending on the diagnostic criteria used, the population studied, and the methods applied. According to the NIH criteria, the syndrome is said to affect 5-10% of women in the world, but using Rotterdam and AE-PCOS criteria raises the percentages to 9-21% and 10-17%, respectively. A meta-analysis revealed a combined incidence of 6% (NIH), 10% (Rotterdam), and 10% (AE-PCOS) across 24 studies. Theranostics is a new multi-faceted discipline that fuses diagnosis and treatment course in sickness control thus making it more precise and personalized. The extraction of the PCOS drawing process involves combining a fine-tuned therapeutic approach with highly developed diagnostic technology to detect, monitor, and treat PCOS at the same time. Not only that, but also advanced gene editing technologies such as CRISPR, wearable device integration, and AI-empowered multi-omics platforms are together creating the reproductive nanomedicine future through their provision of unmatched accuracy and customization in the reproductive healthcare sector. With nanosensors, we now have such sensitive and specific outputs that they have made the early and more accurate diagnosis of infertility, PCOS, endometriosis, and reproductive cancer, to name just a few, possible. Moreover, we are not in the time where universal treatment strategies were the standard anymore; rather, we have come to the period of tailored nanotherapeutics that use AI and multi-omics to manage each patient's unique pathophysiology.