Silencing Inflammation: Nano-Antioxidants and Immunomodulators in PCOS Management

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that primarily affects women's reproductive organs and endocrine system; it occurs mainly in women aged 18 to 44 years. Its characteristics include the formation of many cysts in the ovaries, changes in hormonal levels, and irregular ovulation. PCOS is a worldwide problem affecting more than 116 million women. The main risk factors include being overweight, heredity, the way one lives, tension, eating habits, and exposure to toxins in the environment. Among internal factors that aggravate the condition are oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperandrogenism.The field of nanotechnology has recently opened up new avenues for treatment in terms of using metal nanoparticles (Ag, ZnO, Cu, Se) and biocompatible nanocarriers for drug delivery that also reduce oxidative stress, enhance insulin sensitivity and normalize hormone levels. Moreover, antioxidants like curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol not only participate in the support of follicular maturation, but also take part in metabolic regulation and the provision of long-term reproductive health. Additionally, immunomodulatory nanoparticles can weaken chronic inflammation through the adipose tissue-mediated immune pathways. The present chapter showcases the contribution of nanotechnology applied to the areas of antioxidants and immunomodulators in the treatment of PCOS, as well as its inflammatory and immunological aspects.