Isolation and purification of recombinant proteins: Principles, techniques, and biotechnological applications

In biotechnology and molecular biology, isolating and purifying recombinant proteins are crucial for various applications such as therapeutic drug development, industrial enzyme production, and structural biology studies (Janson, and Rydén, 1998; Yadav et al., 2021). The process begins with expressing the target protein in a different host system, like bacteria, yeast, insect cells, or mammalian cells, using recombinant DNA technology (Tripathi et al., 2018). Subsequently, separating the recombinant protein from host cell components and contaminants becomes essential (Smith, and Johnson, 1988; Wingfield, 2016).