Applying machine learning to enhance diagnostic accuracy and device functionality

Machine learning is an exciting, emerging field in which computers learn independently from the data they collect and their experience with this data. A subset of artificial intelligence, machine learning has the potential to significantly enhance the functionality of medical devices and any other processes reliant on accurate classification of highly-dimensional sensory data. For classification tasks associated with high-dimensional datasets, suitable tools may not be readily available. These tools may range from automated tools such as those utilizing convolutional networks for pixel data classification to customized classifiers using machine learning techniques for both pixel data and non-pixel data. While many medical devices utilize classification for diagnostic purposes, the vast majority of diagnostic devices do not use machine learning. However, we believe that there are substantial advantages in the use of machine learning to enhance the diagnostic capabilities of devices in the medical domain. In this chapter, we will discuss the domain of medical diagnostics and the need and potential for the incorporation of machine learning in diagnostic modalities currently in use.